The New Psychology of Pandemics : Uncertainty, Fear, Control, and Conflict

Pandemics are global outbreaks of novel or re-emerging infectious diseases, and reveal aspects of humanity rarely seen in calmer times.Pandemics will likely become more prevalent in the coming years due to climate change, the growing global population, and other factors.Psychology plays an essential role in pandemics, in which people's beliefs, emotions, and behaviors influence the spreading and containment of infection.Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of pandemics; when faced with novel pathogens, people cope with these invisible, uncertain threats in various ways, including coping strategies that provide only an illusion of control, making people calmer but not safer.Other psychological phenomena observed during pandemics include polarized fear reactions (excessive alarm vs. undue disregard for the threat), fleeing, panic-buying, xenophobia, rumors and conspiracy theories, protests about wearing protective facemasks, anti-vaccination attitudes, lockdown protests, increases in mood a