The War Cry in the Graeco-Roman World

This book aims to reconceptualise the Graeco-Roman military phenomenon of the "war cry"; the term itself is inadequate for defining an ancient military practice that has been misrepresented in modern media and understudied by contemporary scholars. Gersbach introduces the term and paradigm "battle expression" to replace "war cry", which acknowledges the variety of undertakings, visual and sonic, that military forces from the Graeco-Roman world presented on the battlefield before, during or after battle.The "battle expression" was sophisticated in nature; it could include significant cultural song or dance that required high levels of rehearsal and execution.Conversely, battle expression types demonstrated spontaneous wit and humour on the part of a military force that aimed to capitalise on the experiences of a battle.These performances served a variety of purposes outside of instilling group cohesion among the participants and to intimidate the onlooking enemy.This book associates the