2025-2026 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 13: Refractive Surgery

Section 13 of the Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ (BCSC®) covers the science of refractive surgery, examines specific procedures and potential complications in refractive surgery as well as refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease, and accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia.In addition, the book includes information on lens implants. This major revision features a new discussion of ray tracing-guided ablations and outcomes.Several topics have been updated and expanded, such as the discussions of surface ablation over previous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), light adjustable lenses, medical treatments for presbyopia, and presbyopia correction.BCSC Section 13 includes 3 case reports in the new online Appendix that address and demonstrate LASIK treatment customization using wavefront, topography, and ray-tracing technologies.It also features a chapter focusing on keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KL