A Geometry of Sufficient Reason: Space and Quantity in the Works of Spinoza, Leibniz, Bergson, Whitehead, and Deleuze

This book explores and compares the reflections on space and quantity found in the works of five philosophers: Spinoza, Leibniz, Bergson, Whitehead, and Deleuze.What unites these philosophers is a series of metaphysical concerns rooted in 17th-century rationalism and embraced in 20th-century philosophies of process and difference. At the heart of these concerns is the need for a comprehensive metaphysical account of the diversity and individuality of things.This demand leads to a shared critique of Cartesian and Newtonian conceptions of space.The most problematic aspect of those notions of space is homogeneity.In essence, uniform space fails to explain the differences between locations, thus violating the Principle of Sufficient Reason.Cartesian and Newtonian theories of space thereby fail to meet the metaphysical requirement for explaining diversity and individuality.The traditional concept of quantity faces similar issues.Motivated by these problems, these five philosophers developed