Audio Spoof Detection from Theory to Practical Application

Audio Spoof Detection (ASD) systems play a pivotal role in evaluating whether the input speech signal has been manipulated by an imposter attempting unauthorized access to an authentic user's account or if it genuinely originates from the declared user.Primarily used for person authentication, these systems strive to verify the speaker's claimed identity.Despite substantial technological advancements, recent testing has revealed persistent vulnerabilities to spoofing, commonly referred to as a spoof attack.Various techniques such as mimicry, replay, text to speech (TTS), and voice conversion (VC) are frequently used in ASV systems to execute logical access (LA) or physical access (PA) spoofing attacks.To protect an ASD system from these attacks, many researchers have proposed effective security models as countermeasures.In addition, numerous review papers by different researchers have discussed various countermeasures developed to secure ASD systems.However, there is a notable absence