Cognitive Radio-based Internet of Vehicles: Architectures, Applications and Open issues

The incorporation of Cognitive Radio (CR) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has emerged as the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).Section 1 covers the aspects of cognitive radio when it provides support to IoV.The challenges which limit the performance of ITS are highlighted in this chapter.These issues include unreliable delivery, the dynamic topology of IoV, routing overhead, scalability, and energy, to name a few.The issues can be considered as future research directions for a promising intelligent transportation system.Machine learning (ML) is a promising discipline of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to train the CR-based IoV system so that it can make decisions for improved spectrum utilization.The ML-enabled IoV systems can better adapt to the dynamically changing environment.Section 2 covers the applications of ML techniques to the CR-IoV systems and highlights their issues and challenges.Section 3 covers the examination of ML in conjunction with Data Science applications wh