Critical Masses: The Invention of Close Reading in Nineteenth-Century Britain

How close reading developed as an essential tool of critical thinking and democratic citizenshipFor the past century, close reading has been seen as a specialized academic enterprise: the invention of professional scholars and critics.Yet in nineteenth-century Britain, the technique was widely framed as an instrument of the masses, a vehicle of collective uplift, and a vital facilitator of what we now call “critical thinking.” In Critical Masses, Jesse Cordes Selbin unearths the Victorian prehistory of close reading, showing how its primary practitioners operated outside academic institutions and cast their work as crucial to democratic engagement among an increasingly literate and enfranchised populace. Cordes Selbin traces the tradition of the “Popular Critics”: cultural critics, educators, journalists, and novelists who promoted close reading as a tool of critical analysis among popular audiences, particularly workers and women.Popular Criticism, she demonstrates, anticipated the la