Facial Feminization Surgery: Operative Techniques and Clinical Considerations

This book examines facial feminization surgery (FFS), which encompasses a myriad of procedures that are performed in order to alleviate gender dysphoria among transgender and non-binary populations.Demand for FFS has risen significantly, thus warranting greater discussion and education of such procedures among the plastic surgery community.To date, there has not been a standardized text for plastic and reconstructive surgeons and trainees to refer to when performing FFS. Chapters address key issues, such as: 1) anatomic differences between cis-masculine and cis-feminine faces; 2) operative techniques and considerations among respective procedures performed for facial feminization (i.e. forehead reduction, hairline advancement, brow lift, rhinoplasty, lip lift, genioplasty, facial fat grafting, and chondrolaryngoplasty); 3) operating room setup, anesthesia considerations, as well the post-operative protocols for hospitalization among patients undergoing FFS; 4) process of pre-operative