Freud and Philosophy of Mind, Volume 2: Do Unconscious Mental States Exist? From Descartes to the Great Freud-James Debate

Does the mind consist only of conscious experiences, or do mental states extend beyond awareness to unconscious brain states with genuine representational content?This second volume in Jerome C. Wakefield’s trilogy immerses readers in one of the most enduring debates in intellectual history-the multi-century dispute over unconscious mental states.Beginning with Descartes’ consciousness criterion and Leibniz’s divisibility argument, Wakefield reconstructs successive rounds of argument through Locke, Mill, and others, culminating in a dialectical confrontation between Freud and William James and a novel argument for the importance of dreams in the debate. Building on Volume 1’s analysis of Freud’s conceptual and theoretical arguments, this book examines the empirical dimension: whether phenomena such as memory, unnoticed mental states, gaps in reasoning, post-hypnotic suggestion, and dreams demonstrate unconscious mentation.Wakefield situates Freud’s position within the philosophy-of-min