From Single Hazards to Multi-Hazards and Systemic Risks: Scientific, Operational, and Communication Perspectives (Civil Protection, Disaster Management, and Resilience, 2)

Traditional single-hazard approaches often fail to capture the full picture of disaster risk.By overlooking multiple hazards and their interdependencies, they underestimate real risk levels and limit the effectiveness of prevention and response measures.Multi-hazard risk assessments therefore aim to identify all relevant hazards, analyse their interactions, and support more robust disaster management.This open access book adopts both a scientific and an operational perspective to examine multi-hazards and systemic risks. System-thinking and open-science frameworks offer promising solutions.Advances in data-driven, knowledge-driven and physically based modelling techniques now enable improved prediction and simulation of interconnected hazards.The contemporary concept of risk recognises the dynamic interactions between hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and response.As risks become more complex and systemic, a systemic framework is required to transform risk management into an integrated