Jihadism in Europe: From the 1990s to the PresentDay

In this book, Hugo Micheron retraces the history of European Jihadism from the war in Afghanistan in the 1990s to the present day.Over a period of some thirty years, Jihadist ideas spread to the main cities of Europe, where they were disseminated by thousands of Islamic activists.These ideas were also embedded in online media which connect Islamic communities across the world. Micheron argues that the development of Jihadism has not been linear: it has followed a sinusoidal path marked by ebbs and flows. At high tide, the movement is visible and its sympathizers give priority to armed jihad. They seek to mediatize their operations in order to galvanize sympathizers, draw in new recruits and intimidate adversaries.These periods of high tide are the times when they most often employ terrorism. At low tide, jihadism seems to have been defeated. Organizations are dismantled and they no longer have the operational capacity to conduct large-scale attacks.To the external observer, armed jihad