Process Analytical Technology for Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying

Case studies and insights into an essential pharmaceutical process technology Process Analytical Technology for Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the currently existing techniques for freeze-drying monitoring with case studies included throughout.Innovation related to advances in freeze-drying methods (e.g. spray or continuous freeze-drying), as well as to multiplexing PAT, besides spectroscopic, impedance-based methods and thermal imaging methods, are addressed.The use of such techniques at lab-scale for process development, and at industrial scale to guarantee product quality during manufacturing, is also discussed.Strengths and drawbacks of several methods are presented in such a way that freeze-drying practitioners could identify the best solution for their own application.Sample topics explored in Process Analytical Technology for Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying include: Temperature as a critical process parameter in pharmaceutical freez