Strangers Within: The Rise and Fall of the New Christian Trading Elite

A comprehensive study of the New Christian elite of Jewish origin-prominent traders, merchants, bankers and men of letters-between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuriesIn Strangers Within, Francisco Bethencourt provides the first comprehensive history of New Christians, the descendants of Jews forced to convert to Catholicism in late medieval Spain and Portugal.Bethencourt estimates that there were around 260,000 New Christians by 1500-more than half of Iberia’s urban population.The majority stayed in Iberia but a significant number moved throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East, coastal Asia and the New World.They established Sephardic communities in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, Amsterdam, Hamburg and London.Bethencourt focuses on the elite of bankers, financiers and merchants from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries and the crucial role of this group in global trade and financial services.He analyses their impact on religion (for example, Teresa de Ávila), legal