The Refusalist International: A Theory of the New Protest Cycle (Theory Redux)

The many mass protests that have taken place since 2011 have been characterised by an unmistakable need to challenge, overthrow and destroy the prevailing political representations without proposing new ones.The protests are not concerned with replacing the current government or leader with others, and thus getting a better version of what we already have.Instead, they refuse all leaders, including the most critical opposition leaders: these protests are about dismantling the need for leaders.More and more people are coming to the view that it is not possible to manage the many crises within the framework of the political institutions we have today. The new protests are political acts that are neither class struggle nor the establishment of an opposition to those in power.Rasmussen argues that we should understand these protests as the emergence of a new kind of revolutionary action that is as much an anthropological as a political transformation: it is an attempt to break free from al