Western Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa: The 'Responsibility to Protect' in Libya, Syria and Beyond (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)

Western Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa: The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in Libya, Syria and Beyond offers a groundbreaking investigation into one of the most contested questions in international relations: why states intervene to stop mass atrocities in some contexts but not in others. Focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom, this book examines two pivotal cases - Libya (2011) and Syria (2011-2013) - to reveal how decisions under the third pillar of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are shaped less by universal norms than by nationally constructed identities and interests.Through detailed case studies, qualitative interviews, and extensive engagement with social constructivist theory, the book demonstrates how the U.S. and U.K. positioned themselves as ‘intervener’ in Libya but as ‘non-intervener’ in Syria, and how the Libya experience itself influenced subsequent restraint in Syria.By tracing the complex interaction of social, political, and institutio